General survey upon Pabbajja vinicchayakathæ
The explanation of pabbajja is available at diverse of canonical texts and commentarial treatises, such as mahavagga pali (p- 20), vinaya sangaha(p-133), vinayæla³kara ¥økæ,vol.1 (p-229),mahævagga a¥¥hakathæ (p-247), Sarattha døpani ¥økæ, vol. 3 (p-201) ka³khævitara¼ø a¥¥hakathæ (-p104), vajørabuddhi ¥økæ (p, 407) vinayavinodanø ¥økæ, vol.2 (p-93), vinaya vinicchaya ¥økæ, vol.2 (129), pæcityædiyojanæ pæ¹i, ( p-204), viyana vinicchaya uttara vinicchaya (p-235).
Although these explanations are described in different books, each of these explanations can be summarised just into three main parts: perfection of novice-hood, perfection of monkhood and the rules and regulations of them.
In connection with becoming a novice, the following components must be included:
1.shaving off the postulant’s hair and beard.
2.dressing in robes putting the upper robe on one shoulder.
3.taking refuge in the Budhha, Dhamma and Saµgha by reciting clearly from the preceptor (Vinaya mahævaggapæ¹i, p-115: the Buddha and his disciples, p-105).
In this account, a problematic issue is the robe-wearing style. It is mentioned in the text “dressing in robes putting the upper robe on one shoulder”. The ambiguity as to whether the upper robe should be put on the right shoulder or left shoulder allowed a slight controversial issue. In practice, all the monks and novices are putting it on left shoulder keeping the right shoulder open. Some say “most people are right-handed; the convenience is to use right hand for making an action while wearing the robe; therefore the one shoulder refers to the left shoulder”.
Regarding the monks-to-be, the followings are required:
1.the perfection of postulant
2. the perfection of motion
3.the perfection of pronouncement
4.the perfection of Sømæ (jurisdiction)
5.the perfection of Sa¼gha audiences (Ka³khævitara¼øa¥¥hakathæ, p-104).
Among them, the author emphasizes aspects of the perfection of the postulant in this section, such as the postulant is required to be free from several diseases, deformed body, governmental duty, slavery, theft, debt, etc. and also the postulant must not be a eunuch, a monk by theft, a believer of other religion, an animal, a mother-killer, a father-killer, an arahat-killer, one who bleeds the Buddha, one who makes schism of Saµgha, one who seduces a bhikkhunø and one who has both sexes. The qualification of a postulant is rather crucial than the other facts. Other important issue is becoming a monk by theft. It distinguishes three kinds of theft: theft of appearance (putting on robes oneself without the authorization of the Saµgha), theft of seniority (claiming rights of novicehood or monkhood, such as seniority, participating in Saµgha performances, having meal together, etc.), and theft of both. If the postulant entered the Order involving one of the thefts, he could not be a real monk. Therefore the novice who desires for becoming a monk generally disrobes (Shin lain pyan tal), then receives lower ordination again before receiving higher ordination lest he would be one of the three thefts unintentionally in his novice life.
The Pabbajjavinicchayakathæ offers many pieces of information about the means and ways of becoming a novice and monk as mentioned above.
Bibliography
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The sources of pæ¹i cannon (texts)
- Cþ¹avagga pæ¹i, 3rd Ed (1999) Yangon: Win Light Mate Press House
- Mahævagga (Vinaya) pæ¹i, 5th Ed (1991) Yangon: Religious Affairs House
- Pariværa pæ¹i, 8th Ed (1997) Yangon: Religious Affairs Press House
The sources of A¥¥hakathæ (commentaries)
- Mahæbuddhaghosa, Bhaddanta (1986) Cþ¹avaggædi A¥¥hakathæ, Yangon: Religious
Affairs Press House
- Mahæbuddhaghosa, Bhaddanta (1986) Ka³khævira¼ø a¥¥hakathæ, Yangon: Religious
Affairs Press House
- Mahæbuddhaghosa, Bhaddanta (1986) Pæcityædi A¥¥hakathæ, Yangon: Religious
Affair Press House,
-Særiputta thera (1991) Vinaya sa³gaha a¥¥hakathæ, Yangon: Religious Affair Press
The sources of ¿økæ (Sub-commentaries) and Ganthantara (treatises)
-Co¹iyakassapathera, Bhaddanta (1960) Vimativinodanø ¥økæ,Vol 2, Yangon: Religious
Affairs Press House,
-Dhammasiri mahæthera and Mahæsæmi mahæthera (1962) Khuddasikkhæ Mþlasikkhæ
¥økæ, Yangon: Religious Affair Press House
- Taungphila, Sayadaw (1962) Vinayæla³kæra ¥økæ,Vol 1, Yangon: Religious Affairs
Press House
- Særiputtathera, Bhaddanta (1977) Vinayavinicchaya ¥økæ, Vol 2, Yangon: Religious
Affairs Press House
General sources
- I.B. Horner (1942a) The book of the discipline, Vol 4, London: Humphrey milford
oxford University Press Amen House
-- I.B. Horner (1942b) The book of the discipline, Vol 5, London: Humphrey milford
oxford University Press Amen House
-Kanai Lah. Hazre (1998) Pæ¹i language and literature, vol 1 and 2, 2nd edition,
New Delhi: D.K Printworld
-Martin Perenchio and group (1993) Guide to the Tipi¥aka, Bangkok:
White lotus Co.Ltd.
-Oskar V. Hinuber (1996) A handbook of Pæ¹i literature, Berlin; New York:
De Gruyter.
-Rewata Dhamma (2001) The Buddha and his Disciples, United Kingdom:
Dhamma Talaka Publication.
-Sayagyi Goenka (1999) Cha¥¥hasa³gæyanæ CD (version 3) [it embodies all canonical
texts, commentaries, sub-commentaries and other treatises], India: Vipassanæ
research institute
-Spiro, M. E (1982) Buddhism and Society, Los Angeles: University of California
Press
--Somdet Phra Mahæ (1973a) The Entrance to the Vinaya, Vol 2, Bangkok: Sama¼a
Choa Mahæmakut Ræjavidyælaya Press
-Somdet Phra Mahæ (1973b) The Entrance to the Vinaya, Vol 3, Bangkok: Sama¼a
Choa Mahæmakut Ræjavidyælaya Press
-Thanissaro Bhikkhu (1994) The Buddhist Monastic Code, vol 1, U.S.A: Valley
Centre (free distribution)
-Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2007) The Buddhist Monastic Code, vol 2, U.S.A: Valley
centre (free distribution),
-T.W. Rhys Davids and Hermann Oldenberg, part 1 (1881), Vinaya texts, Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass
Burmese sources
- Janakæbhivaµsa Ashin (1959) Ka³khæbhæsæ¥økæ, vol.1, Amarapura: New Burma
Offset Press
- Janakæbhivaµsa, Ashin (1959) Ka³khæbhæsæ¥økæ, vol.2, Amarapura: New Burma
Offset Press
- Janakæbhivaµsa, Ashin (1973) Pariværabhæsæ¥økæ, Amarapura: New Burma Offset
Press
- Janakæbhivaµsa, Ashin (1938) Pætimok bhæsæ¥økæ, Amarapura: New Burma Offset
Press
- Janakæbhivaµsa, Ashin (1966) Mahævaggabhæsæ¥økæ, Amarapura: New Burma
Offset Press
-Taungbilar Sayadaw (1986) Yasavaððhanavatthu, Yangon: Religious Affair Press
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